What is the 'P5' in the United Nations?

AISC Contributor
May 16
2 min read

Updated: Jul 8

The P5 refers to the Permanent Five members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC):

United States
Russia
China
United Kingdom
France

These five countries were the main victors of World War II and were granted permanent seats when the UN was founded in 1945. Each of them holds veto power—meaning if just one of them votes "no" on a Security Council resolution, it automatically fails, no matter how many other countries support it.

Why does the P5 matter?

They shape major global decisions: war, peacekeeping, sanctions, and international interventions.
Their veto power can block actions even during global crises—this is a common source of frustration for other UN member states.

🌍 Why Are Countries at War in 2025?

As of 2025, several conflicts are ongoing or escalating due to power struggles, resource competition, regional tensions, and failed diplomacy. Here's a quick overview of some notable flashpoints:

1. Ukraine–Russia Conflict

Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine still fuels one of the largest modern European wars.
Despite Western sanctions and support for Ukraine, peace talks have stalled.
Russia retains occupied regions; Ukraine continues to push back.

2. Middle East: Israel and Regional Tensions

Ongoing violence between Israel and armed groups in Gaza, Lebanon, and potentially Iran-backed forces.
The situation worsened after escalations in 2023–2024, drawing in regional players.

3. China–Taiwan Tensions

China is increasingly assertive toward Taiwan.
Though not a full war, militarization around the Taiwan Strait has intensified, raising fears of potential conflict involving the U.S.

4. Africa: Sahel and Sudan

Sudan’s civil war (RSF vs SAF) continues, displacing millions.
Jihadist insurgencies in the Sahel region (Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso) have created chaos, with new military juntas taking control and rejecting Western presence.